14/9

CHAPTER 6: UNDERSTANDING INPUT

• Input is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer.
• Instructions can be entered into the computer in the form of programs, commands, and user responses.
• A program is a series of related instructions that tells a computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them.
• Programs respond to commands that a user issues.
• A user response is an instruction a user issues replying to a question displayed by a program.
• An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions into a computer.

Keyboard

• is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer.
• Most desktop computer keyboards have...
• Between 101 and 105 keys
• A numeric keypad on the right side of the keyboard
• Function keys, CTRL keys, ALT keys, and arrow keys
• WINDOWS key
• APPLICATION key
• Toggle keys
• The insertion point, also know as the cursor, is a symbol on the screen that indicates where the next character you type will appear.
• Wired keyboards
• USB port
• Wireless keyboards
• Bluetooth 
• IrDA
• An ergonomic keyboard has a design that reduces the chance of wrist and hand injuries.
• Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of the workplace.
• Keyboards on mobile devices typically are smaller and/or have fewer keys.
• Some phones have predictive text input, which saves time when entering text using the phone's keypad.

Pointing Devices

• A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to control a pointer on the screen.
• A pointer is a small symbol on the screen whose location and shape changes as a user moves a pointing device.
• A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably.
• Most widely used pointing device on desktop computer.
• A mouse can be wired or wireless.
• Trackball is a stationary pointing device with a ball on its top or side.
• A touchdpad is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to  pressure and motion.
• A pointing stick is a pressure-sensitive  pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser that is positioned between keys on a keyboard.
• A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display device.
• Microsoft Surface
• Touch-sensitive pads
• With pen input,you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write,draw, or make selections.
• Video games and computer games use a game controller as the input device that directs movements and actions of on screen objects.
• Gamepads
• Joysticks and Wheels
• Light guns
• Dance pads
• Motion-sensing controllers
• A digital camera is a mobile device that allows users to take pictures and store them digitally.
• Two factors affect the quality of digital camera photos:
• Resolution
• is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device
• A pixel is the smallest element in an electronic display.
• Number of bits stored in each pixel
• Each pixel conists of one or more bits of data
• The more bits used to represent a pixel, the more colors and shades of gray that can be represented.

Voice Input

• Voice input is the process of entering input by speaking into a microphone.
• Voice recognition is the computer's capability of distinguishing spoken words.
• Audio input is the process of entering any sound into the computer
• Speech
• Music
• Sound Effects
• Music production software allows users to record, compose, mix, and edit music and sounds.

Video Input

• Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and storing on a computer's storage medium.
• Record video on a digital video (DV) camera or use a video capture card to convert  analogs to digital.
• Connect the camera to a port on the system unit.
• Transfer video and images.
• A Web cam is a type of digital video camera that enables a user to:
• Capture video and still images
• Sends e-mail messages with video attachments
• Add live images to instant messages
• Broadcast live images over the internet
• Make video telephone calls
• A video conference is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people.

Scanners and Reading Devices

• Flatbed
• Pen or Handheld
• Sheet-fed
• Drum
• Optical character recognition (OCR) involves reading characters from ordinary documents.
• A turnaround document is a document you return to the company the creates and sends it.
• Optical mark recognition (OMR) reads hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles.
• An OMR device scans the documents and matches patterns of light.
• A bar code reader, also called a bar code scanner uses laser beams to read bar codes.
• RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object.
• An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves.
• RFID can track:
• Tracking times of runners in a marathon\
• Tracking location of soldiers
• Employee wardrobes
• Airline baggage
• Checking lift tickets of stickers
• Managing inventory 
• Gauging pressure and temperature of tires
• Checking out library books
• Tracking toll payments
• Magnetic stripe card readers read the magnetic strripe on the back of cards such as:
• Credit Cards\
• Entertainment cards
• Bank cards
• \Other similar cards
• MICR (maghetic ink character recognition) device read text printed with magnetized ink.
• An MICR reader converts MICR character into a form the computer can process.
• Banking industry uses MICR for check processing.
• Data collection devices obtain data directly at the location where the transaction or event takes place.
• Used in:
• Restaurants
• Grocery stores
• Factories
• Warehouses
• The outdoors

Biometric Input

• Biometric authenticates a person's identity by verifying a personal characteristic
• Fingerprint reader
• Face recognition system
• Hand geometry system
• Voice verification system
• Signature verification system 
• Iris recognition system
• Retinal scanners

Terminals

• A terminal is a computer that allows users to send data to and/or receive information from a host computer
• A POS terminal records purchases, processes payment, and update inventory.
• An automated teller machine (ATM) allows users to access their bank accounts.
• A DVD kiosk is a self-service DVD rental machine.

Suggested Input Devices by User

• Home
• Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard 
• Mouse 
• Stylus for smart phone or other mobile device
• Game controller (s)
• 30-bit 600 x 1200 ppi color scanner
• 7 MP digital camera
• Headphones that include a microphone (headset)
• Web cam
• Fingerprint reader
• Small office/ Home office
• Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard 
• Mouse
• Stylus and portable keyboard for smart phone or other mobile device, or digital pen for Tablet PC
• 36-bit 600 x 1200 ppi color scanner
• 8 MP digital camera
• Headphones that include a microphone
• Web cam
• Mobile
• Wireless mouse for notebook computer
• Touchpad or pointing stick on notebook computer
• Stylus and portable keyboard for smart phone or other mobile device, or digital pen for Table PC
• 7 or 8 MP digital camera
• Headphone that include a microphone (headset)
• Fingerprint reader for notebook computer
• Power
• Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard 
• Mouse
• Stylus and portable keyboard for smart phone or other mobile device
• Pen for graphics tablet
• 48-bit 1200 x 1200 ppi color scanner
• 9 to 12 MP digital camera
• Headphones that include a microphone (headset)
• Web cam
• Enterprise
• Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard 
• Mouse
• Stylus and portable keyboard for smart phone or other mobile device, or digital pen for Table PC
• Touch screen
• 42-bit 1200 x 1200 ppi color scanner
• 9 to 12 MP digital camera
• OCR/OMR readers, bar code readers, MICR reader, or data collection devices
• Microphone
• Video camera for video conferences
• Fingerprint reader or other biometric device

Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users

• Several input devices are available to assist physically challenged users;
• Keyguard
• Keyboards with larger keys
• On-screen keyboard
• Various pointing devices
• Head-mounted pointer
• Gesture recognition
• Computerized implant devices